clefting & raising

[And Rosta <cbmvax!uunet!UCL.AC.UK!ucleaar>]

Just to avoid confusion, it should be noted that what Lojbanists term
'clefting', mainstream linguistics terms 'raising' (i.e. a syntactic
argument of a verb in a lower clause is raised to become a
syntactic argument of a verb in a higher clause).

Clefting in English would be sentences like _It's him she loves_.

Most syntactic analyses of raising endeavour to show that the raised
item is syntactic argument of two verbs at the same time (e.g. _Sophy_
in _Sophy is believed to drink tea black_ is subject of _believed_ and
of _drink_ (& is also object of _believed_, according to some)).
As far as I am aware, this doesn't happen in Lojban (which uses
resumptive pronouns instead), but it might have been a solution
to the quandary of whether or not a placestructure should be 'cleft'.

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And